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2001年英语大纲有两个重要的变化,其中之一便是完形填空的分值从原来的十五分提高到二十分。从大纲的变化也可以看出考研英语侧重点的偏转。完形填空做为对考生英语综合能力的测试题之一,在考研英语中的地位有着明显的提高。那么应如何对此进行有效的复习,以尽可能地得到该项高分呢?网大特邀考研名师郭庆民老师,将这您做一详解:
综合填空应试技能概述
郭庆民
“综合填空”部分测试考生综合运用英语语言的能力,其中包括: 1 )阅读能力, 2 )根据上下文确切地读识句子意思的能力,
3 )语法和词汇运用能力。所以在做综合填空部分时,考生应学会:
- 仔细阅读短文第一、二句,对全文旨在阐述的问题有一个概括性了解,以便指导自己对文章各句具体意思的把握;
- 仔细阅读每段第一句,准确把握每段的主题,以便指导自己对本段各句具体意思的理解;
- 利用句与句之间的关系,确切地理解句子的意思,并把握出上下文(尤其是上、下句和上半句或下半句)对所填词的暗示;
- 理清句子结构,把握结构线索对所填词的暗示,其中尤其是对功能词(连词、介词、代词等)的暗示;
- 注意词语的搭配关系,特别是名词、动词、形容词——甚至副词——与介词的搭配关系,动词与名词的搭配关系。
为了对以上五个方面的要求进行具体说明,让我们来看一个例子:
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased __1__ that causes rapid rises in prices. __2__ your money buys fewer goods so that you get __3__ for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise __4__ the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a(n) __5__ when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore.”
Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the __6__. Retired people, for instance, cannot __7__ on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to __8__ their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income __9__ any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to __10__ rising prices. In many cases they must stop __11__ some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even __12__ working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The __13__ of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep __14__ with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living __15__ because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes __16__ the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a __17__ year as the base. The base price is set __18__100, and the other prices are reported as a __19__ of the base price. A price index makes __20__ possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.
1. A. spending B. demanding C. consuming D. saving
2. A. Because B. While C. Since D. When
3. A. much B. little C. more D. less
4. A. in B. on C. at D. to
5. A. chance B. time C. moment D. occasion
6. A. best B. least C. most D. worst
7. A. rely B. rest C. depend D. count
8. A. meet B. obtain C. care D. acquire
9. A. or B. and C. excluding D. including
10. A. live up to B. catch up on C. put up with D. keep up with
11. A. to buy B. buying C. having bought D. from buying
12. A. for B. to C. of D. if
13. A. price B. level C. cost D. standard
14. A. race B. pace C. speed D. step
15. A. as usual B. as well C. as before D. as such
16. A. in which B. from which C. of which D. by which
17. A. last B. given C. fixed D. definite
18. A. on B. by C. at D. against
19. A. portion B. percentage C. proportion D. fraction
20. A. it B. us C. one D. you
一、综合分析:全文第一句是本文的主旨句:公司和政府领导将通货膨胀率看作是(代表经济状况的)一个重要的总指数。从本句中,我们知道本文要谈的问题是为什么可以将通货膨胀看作是一个重要的经济指数。本段以下几句对本句进行了具体说明。
第二段的第一句是本段的主题句。本段以下内容主要是围绕通货膨胀对消费者特别是对靠固定收入生活的人的影响而展开的。最后一段的主题句也是本段的的第一句,主要谈到了政府机关如何设定并确立物价指数。
把握住以上重要信息,每句的阅读就会变得相对轻松。
二、答案与线索的把握:
1 .( A )第 1 个空的下一句中有 buy 这个词,而 spending 与 buy 构成对等关系。这是上、下句所提供的线索。
2 .( D )第 2 个空的上一句中有 period ,说明这里需要填一个表示时间的词。这是上、下句所提供的线索。
3 .( D )本句上半句中有 fewer ,说明这里需要一个对等意思的词, less 是 little 的比较级形式,恰好与 fewer 对等。另外第 4 个空后面的那个句子 Your money buys less. 当然提供了更直接的线索。这是上半句或下半句所提供的线索。
4 .( A )表达“在……方面增长或减少”时,介词通常用 in 与相应的名词搭配使用,另外,在本段第二句也有类似的表达方式: that causes rapid rises in prices 。可见,这个空既是一个搭配问题,也有明确的上下文线索。
5 .( B )这句话与本段第二句话意思几乎相同,作用也一样:都是对“通货膨胀”下定义,因此,这里需要一个与 period 一词意思相仿的 time 。这是上下文提供的线索。
6 .( C )从本句的上、下句都能确定这里需要一个表示“最大”含义的词,人们通常不说受害“最遭”或“最差”,而是受害“最大”或“最深”,因此 worst 意思不妥。这个空既是一个搭配问题,上下文也提供了线索。
7 .( D )这里需要的意思其实不是“依靠”,而是“期望”或“指望”,因为人们通常所“依靠”的是业已拥有的东西,而对退休的人来说,长工资已不再可能成为现实。在这四个词组中,只有 count on 是“期望”或“指望”的意思。这个空告诉考生确切读识句子意思的重要性。
8 .( A )满足要求通常要用 meet ,与其宾语 needs 搭配。这是一个动宾搭配问题。
9 .( A )从逻辑上看, retirement income 是一种 fixed income ,因此这里不能用 and ,而只能用 or , or 连接两个名词时其前后名词表达的意思经常属于同类意思,乃至于同义。这是一个逻辑问题。 retirement income 提供了重要线索。
10 .( D )本句表达的意思与第 14 个空表达的意思基本相同,因此,本句需要填入 keep up with ,与第 14 个空的 keep pace with 属同义。可见,上下文对这个空提供了明确的线索。
11 .( B )上一句说退休的人要减少开支,这句话指出,在某些情况下,他们甚至不得不放弃购买一些生活必需品, stop 后接动名词表示“不再做某事”。这是一个搭配问题。
12 .( A )本句将状语部分提前了,习惯的词序是: Inflation can be a problem even for working people whose incomes are going up. 填对这个空的关键是正确认识本句的结构。这是本句自身的结构所提供的线索。
13 .( C ) the cost of living 的意思是“生活费用”。这里不能根据下一句填 standard ,因为 the standard of living 的意思是“生活标准”,如果说“随着通货膨胀的产生生活水平会提高”,这就违背了经济常识,因为通货膨胀带来的是人们的相对贫困。所以这里应该根据第 14 个空前一句( Just buying the things they need costs more. )中的 cost 填 cost 。这里是个搭配问题,上下文中也有线索。
14 .( B )参阅对第 10 个空的题解。
15 .( B )此处可以理解为是个省略句: they are not living as well ( as they were before )(他们不如以前〈指通货膨胀产生前〉生活好了),相应地,从句也应该理解为: because they are not able to buy as many goods and services ( as they did before ) . 可见,这里有结构上的线索,也有来自于下半句的线索。
16 .( B )这里的含义不是“物价指数决定变动率”,而是“(政府)根据(或参照)物价指数确定变动率”,所以,定语从句部分应该理解为: the rate of change can be determined by the government from price indexes 。可见,这是一个确切地读识句子意思的问题。
17 .( B ) given 意为:给定的,一定的,特定的。其含义不同于“确定的”或“固定的”,而是“某一个”。基期物价指数( base price )是根据物价较合理地反映产品价值的某一年的物价水平确立的。所以选对这个空涉及对 given 含义的理解,以及考生的知识面。
18 .( C )这里 100 实际上是一个比率,表示比率应该用 at ,即: at the rate of 100 。相应地,第 19 个空应该填 percentage (百分比)。本句的两个空互相提供了线索。
19 .( B )参阅第 18 个空题解。
20 .( A ) it 此处是形式宾语,代替不定式 to compare current prices of typical consumer goods with prices of the same goods in previous years. 句子自身的结构提供了线索。
从以上分析可以看出,几乎所有的空都可以从上下文中找到上面所提到的几种线索,因此,在准备应试的过程中,考生应该练习把握线索的能力,只有这样,才能切实提到自己做综合填空部分的命中率。
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