|
考研英语模拟试题[16]
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions： Beneath each of the following sentences，there are four choices
marked A，B，C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark
your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（5 points）
They must have been enjoying themselves
there，or they _____ so long.
A)can't have stayed
B)wouldn't have stayed
C)needn't have stayed
D)couldn't stay
No two people can be half an hour together _____ one shall gain an evident
superiority over the other.
A)but
B)when
C)if
D)because
By the time you arrive home，I _____ for several hours，so please don't
make a noise when you come in.
A)shall be sleeping
B)shall have slept
C)shall sleep
D)shall have been sleeping
Just as no two words are truly synonoyms， _____ no two different expressions，or
ways of expressions，can mean exactly the same thing.
A)so
B)as
C)that
D)therefore
One should never lose one's heart when _____ with temporary difficulties.
A)being confronted
B)confronted
C)having been confronted
D)confronting
Rather than _____ everything to the last minute，he always prefers to
start early.
A)leave
B)to leave
C)leaving
D)leaves
_____ about one million years ago，the fossil record shows an accelerating
growth of human brain.
A)Starting
B)Having started
C)Having been started
D)Being started
Public goods are those commodities _____ enjoyment nobody can be effectively
excluded.
A)in which
B)whose
C)from whose
D)in whose
Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain
level of sophistication _____ to follow other pursuits.
A)it was possible for humans
B)was it possible for humans
C)were humans possible
D)possible for humans it was
Very few will doubt that it is science that has at once quickened the
demand for general education in modern times _____ made the education
itself effective.
A)as well as
B)but also
C)and also
D)and
Section B
Directions： Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts
marked A，B，C and D)Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect
and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（5 points）
You can't avoid stress in modern life. Attempting (A) to do it (B) would
(C) create stress by yourself (D) .But you can find better ways to cope
with it.
Neither the President nor (A) the members of the Cabinet wishes (B)
to comment (C) on the matter at this moment (D) .
Opposed to (A) the idea that we use (B) gasoline for rapid transit development
gives (C) me a springboard for (D) my candidacy.
He visited (A) the British Museum， where (B) he spent half his time
not attracted (C) by the museum itself，but by its extensive library
facilities for (D) scientific research.
I couldn't live (A) till today without my grandmother and she would
not (B) survive in her later days (C) without me.Both my grandmother
and I rely on each other so as to (D) exist in this world.
Proof-reading is uninteresting (A) ， still less (B) so (C) when it is
one's (D) own work.
One third (A) of cancers are (B) preventable，while a further third can
be routinely (C) cured if it is detected (D) early，according to a recent
WHO report.
To quote from (A) Albert Einstein，science is the attempt (B) to make
the chaotic diversity (C) of our sense experience correspond to a logical
uniform (D) system of thought.
Iron (A) is not the most abundant metal on earth (B) nor is one (C)
with (D) the oldest tradition.
Teachers themselves (A) are often judged by examination results and，instead
of teaching their subjects，they are reduced (B) to train (C) their students
in (D) exam techniques.
Section C
Direction： Beneath each of the following sentences，there are four choices
marked A，B，C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark
your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）
The father was thoroughly dishonest and the son _____ him.He has already
been in the courts for stealing.
A)seeks after
B)takes after
C)gets the best of
D)counts on
I took the children to the Zoo today to _____ the party they missed
the other day.
A)provide for
B)look for
C)take delight in
D)make up for
They were having a violent quarrel but _____ when I came in.
A)broke up
B)cut off
C)broke off
D)hung up
Children used to _____ their parents；now they are inclined to regard
them as equals.
A)turn on
B)look up to
C)stand up for
D)hang on to
In some child-centered families，the children and their possessions take
over most of the house，and the younger ones often make _____ demands
upon their parents' money and time.
A)exceeding
B)extensive
C)exclusive
D)excessive
You may as well visit Japan in April，when cherry flowers are _____ .
A)in good season
B)in full bloom
C)in nature
D)in great demand
The secret of remaining young in spite of old age and white hair is
to _____ enthusiasm.
A)reserve
B)persist
C)preserve
D)retail
It was because the ten major building projects were designed，built and
fully completed _____ ten months that it was considered to be a miracle.
A)in a matter of
B)ahead of time
C)at most
D)in advance
Whatever the reason，once you find yourself in a bookstore，the desire
to pick up a book with an attractive cover is _____ ，although you may
end up with a rather dull book.
A)indispensible
B)inevitable
C)irresistible
D)unavoidable
Convinced of the importance of education，modern states“invest” in institutions
of learning to get back“interest”in the form of a large group of _____
young men who are potential leaders.
A)enlightened
B)cultivated
C)qualified
D)nourished
Newspapers must not only provide for the reader the facts，pure， _____
objectively selected facts but also supply interpretation，the meaning
of the facts.
A)unrevised
B)balanced
C)unprejudiced
D)valid
The period of adolescence may be long or short，depending on social _____
and on society's definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.
A)anticipation
B)perspective
C)proposition
D)expectation
I come from a country where for virtually two centuries the people of
color have，as a deliberate policy，been _____ the freedom of association，assemble，thought，inquiry
and selfexpression.
A)deprived
B)denied
C)rejected
D)refused
All we know about the origin of language is that men，unlike animals，
_____ invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings，actions
and things，so that they could communicate with each other.
A)somehow
B)somewhat
C)anyhow
D)anyway
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express
these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and _____
.
A)sensations
B)passions
C)emotions
D)moods
The real poet is a master of words.He can _____ his meaning in words
which sing like music，and which by their position and association can
move men to tears.
A)transform
B)transmit
C)manifest
D)convey
The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned
with _____ physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity.
A)sheer
B)thoroughly
C)utterly
D)simply
If no importance is attached to collecting information，we cannot survive
in such a(n) _____ competitive society，because it is the basis on which
we make our decisions.
A)powerfully
B)forcefully
C)intensely
D)intensively
Crosscountry bicycle racing， _____ early in the 20th century in France，was
current in the 1920s and became prominent in the 1950s.
A)generated
B)originated
C)sponsored
D)proclaimed
The old woman was suffering from a very serious illness and required
special attention _____ the nurses.
A)from
B)about
C)of
D)for
Part II Cloze Test
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are
four choices labelled A,B,C and D)Choose the best one and put your choice
on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
“Communication” and “information” are
without doubt two key words of our time.Any human relationship or any
activity implies a process of communication. All knowledge 41 information
on what is happening or on what is being said,done or thought. 42 is
new today,however,is the scale and development of this phenomenon,and
the amount of attention now being 43 to it.Interpersonal communication
has been 44 by mass communication, 45 the amount of information transferred
and the size of its public. 46 this information is carried by the mass
medianewspapers,radio,televisionit 47 the direct control of the user,who
is unable to check it,change it or give an immediate 48 .Between these
two extreme forms of communicationdirect persontoperson communication
and indirect communication between the public and mediumall areas of
human activity are 49 a whole series of institutions with the capability
and duty of communicating knowledge,including the family,the education
system, the system of administration and so 50 .
41.A)consists in B)diviates from C)begins
with D)transforms into
42.A)What B)It C)Whatever D)One thing
43.A)paid B)offered C)applied D)extended
44.A)replaced B)supplied C)supplemented D)distorted
45.A)has distinguished B)distinguished by C)to distinguish D)distinguishing
46.A)Even if B)Although C)Since D)No matter how
47.A)avoids B)escapes C)attracts D)repels
48.A)answer B)reply C)reaction D)response
49.A)provided for B)provided in C)provided by D)provided with
50.A)so B)far C)forth D)much
Part III Reading Comprehension
Directions： Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.
For each question there are four answers marked (A), (B), (C), (D).
Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer ti each of the
questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blacking the corresponding
letter in the brackets with a pencil (40 Points)
Passage 1
The Supreme Court's recent decision
allowing regional interstate banks has done away with one restriction
in America's banking operation, although many others still remain. Although
the ruling does not apply to very large money-center banks, it is a
move in a liberalizing direcion that could at last push Congress into
framing a sensible legal and regulatory system that allows banks to
plan their future beyond the next court case.
The restrictive laws that the courts are interpreting are mainly a legacy
of the bank failures of the 1930's. The current high rate if bank failure
- higher than at any time since the Great Depression - has made legislators
afraid to remove the restrictions. While their legislative timidity
is understandable, it is also mistaken. One reason so many American
banks are getting into trouble is precisely that the old restrictions
make it hard for them to build a domestic base large and strong enough
to support their activities in today's telecommunicating round-the-clock,
around-the-world financial markets. In trying to escape from this restrictions,
banks are taking enormous, and what should be unnecessary, risks. For
example, would a large bank be buying small, failed savings banks at
inflated prices if federal law and states regulations permitted that
bank to explain instead through the acquisition of financially healthy
banks in the region? Of course not. The solution is clear. American
banks will be sounder when they are not geographically limited. The
house of Representative's banking committee has shown part of the way
forward by recommending common-sensical, though limited, legislation
for a five-year transtion to nationwide banking. This would give regional
banks time to group together to form counterweights to the big money-center
banks. Without this breathing space the big money-center banks might
soon extend across the country to develop. But any such legislation
should be regarded as only a way station on the road towards a complete
examination of American's suitable banking legislation.
The author's attitude towards the current banking laws is best described
as one of _____ .
A)concerned dissatisfaction
B)tolerant disapproval
C)uncaring indifference
D)great admiration
Which of the following best describes why the restrictive banking laws
of the 1930's are still on the book？
A)The bank failures of the 1930's were caused by restrictive courts.
B)Banking has not changed in the past 50 years.
C)The banking system is too restrictive，but no alternatives have been
suggested.
D)Legislators apparently believe that banking problems similar to those
of the Depression still exist today.
The author argues that the change to a nationwide banking systems should be
_____ .
A)gradual，so that regional banks have a chance to compete with larger
banks
B)postponed，until the consequences can be evaluated
C)immediate，because we cannot afford any more bank failures
D)accelerated，to overcome legislative fear
Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage？
A)The current banking law must be interpreted by the Supreme Court to
be useful to today's banks.
B)Although there are currently many bank failures，the nature of banking
has not really changed that much.
C)Money?center banks currently have too much power as compared with
the regional banks.
D) Because current laws are not responsive to contemporary banking needs,
banks have been forced to take needless and dangerous risks.
Passage 2
The energy crisis, which is being felt
around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth's
resources has brought the whole world to the drink of disaster. The
overdevelopment of motor transport, with its increase of more cars,
more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed
to the near-destruction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and
the pollution not only of local air but slao of the earth's atmosphere.
The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.
Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is
also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources
exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range
planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present
serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children,
and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work
rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.
This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of
loss morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the
highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival
and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to
enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in
defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have
been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.
This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and
what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this
planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered
oceans. There is a common need ti reassess our present course, to change
that coursem and to devise new methods through which the world can survive.
This is a preiceless opportunity.
To grasp itm we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis
confronting us - and the world - a crisis that is no passing inconvenience,
no by - product of the ambitions of the oil-rpoducing countries, no
environmentalists' mere fears, no by-product of any present system of
goverment. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last
four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new
life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance
depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for
the world's children and future generation.
Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities？
A)Lack of financial planning.
B)The breakup of the family.
C)Natural disasters in many regions.
D)The excessive growth of motors.
According to the author,what is one example of our loss of morality?
A)Disregard for law.
B)Lack of devotion.
C)Lack of cooperation.
D)Exploitation of resources
By comparing past problems with present ones，the author draws attention
to the _____ .
A)significance of this crisis
B)inadequacy of governments
C)similarity of the past to the present
D)hopelessness of the situation
What contribution does the author feel people must now make？
A)Search for new energy sources.
B)Outlaw motor transportation.
C)Accept a new life style.
D)Adopt a new form of government.
Passage 3
More and more, the operations of our
businesses, goverments, and financial insitutions and controlled by
information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever
enough to modify this information for his purpose can reap substantial
rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been
caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on
what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal
may walk away not only unpunished but with a growing recommendation
from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crime
that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes
we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections
or other secrity procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught
may been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain
keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to puch extra
cards. Investingation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked
to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied
employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide,
or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment demanding
not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations
and perhaps other benefits. All too ofen, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that
would result if the publicfound out that their computer had been misused.
They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open courtof
how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of
the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another
computer criminal departs with just the recommendations ha needs to
continue his crimes elsewhere.
It is implied in the third paragraph that _____ .
A)most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
B)the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C)most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D)many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage？
A)A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
B)Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.
C)Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.
D)Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information
What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught？
A)With a bad reputation they can hardly find other jobs.
B)They may walk away and easily find another jobs.
B)They will be denied access to confidential records.
D)They must leave the country or go to jail.
The passage is mainly about _____ .
A)why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment
B)why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections
C)how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their
former employers
D)why computer crimes can't be eliminated
Passage 4
In 1967,in response to widespread public
concern aroused by medical reports ofasbestos related deaths,the National
Medical Research Council organised a committee of enquiry to investigate
the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building
industry.
After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building
workers and management,the Council published a report which included
advices for dealing with asbestos.The report confirmed the findings
of similar research in the United States and Canada.Exposure to relatively
small quantities of asbestos fibres,they concluded,was directly responsible
for the development of cancers,asbestosis and related diseases.Taking
into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management,however,the
report assumed that despite the availability of other materials,asbestos
would continue to play a major role in the British building industry
for many years to come because of its availability and low cost.
As a result,the council gave a series of recommendations which were
intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos
in working environments.They recommended that,where possible,asbestosfree
materials should be employed.In cases where asbestos was employed,it
was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibres
were less likely to enter the air.The report recommended that special
care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos.Workers
should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust
from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner.
The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk
involved.The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the
risk factors.In addition,dust formation was found to be limited where
the asbestos was used when wet rather than dry.
The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos
particles that enter the air.Machine tools produce greater quantities
of dust than hand tools and,where possible,the use of the latter was
recommended.
A critical factor takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation
of the working environment.When work takes place in an enclosed space,more
asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural
or machine ventilation should be used.By closely following these advices,
it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical
minimum.
Exposure to asbestos fibres can cause cancer _____ .
A)only when asbestos is used in building industry
B)only when it is used in large quantities
C)even if it is used in small quantities
D)if they are used when wet rather than dry
Exposure to asbestos fibres is harmful to people's health _____ .
A)so the use of asbestos is limited
B)but asbestos will continue to be used for a long time to come
C)so other new kinds of materials are under development
D)but they will not be so when ventilation devices are used
It can be inferred from the passage that the real danger comes from
_____ .
A)the asbestos dust that people take in
B)the contact of the worker's skin with asbestos particles
C)the inferior quality of the asbestos itself
D)the excessive use of manmade asbestos material
Evidence from the economists and the building industries shows that
_____ .
A)exposure to asbestos fibres is cancercausing
B)asbestos is in extensive use in building industry
C)use of asbestos is being reduced gradually
D)exposure to asbestos fibres can be reduced significantly
Passage 5
A good marriage means growing as a couple
but also growing as individuals.This isn't easy,marriage has always
been difficult.Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time?Yes,our
modern social fabric is thin,and yes the permissiveness of society has
created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into disorder.
But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise
the selfdiscipline that marriage requires.They expect easy joy,like
the entertainment on TV,the thrill of a good party.
Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice,not dreadful selfsacrifice of
the soul,but some level of compromise.Some of one's fantasies, some
of one's legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of the
marriage itself.“While all marital partners feel shackled(受束缚)at times,it
is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains
or supporting bonds”,says Dr.Whitaker.Marriage requires sexual,financial
and emotional discipline.A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse,cannot
allow themselves to stop growing or changing.
A divorce is not an evil act.Sometimes it provides salvation(拯救)for
people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of
pain or mutual unhappiness.Divorce can be like the first cut of the
surgeon's knife,a step toward new health and a good life.On the other
hand,if the partners can stay past the breaking up of the romantic myths
into the development of real love and intimacy,they have achieved a
work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals(教堂)of the world.Marriages
that do not fail but improve,that persist despite imperfections,are
not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face
of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.
According to the author,an ideal marriage life _____ .
A)requires considerable sacrifice on both partners
B)requires that the couple be emotionally involved
C)allows for the growth of the husband and wife as a couple and as two
individuals
D)is only an illusion in today's society
In Paragraph 2,the word“legitimate”most probably means _____ .
A)lawful
B)biological
C)personal
D)reasonable
In the author's opinion,a divorce is not an evil act _____ .
A)if the marital life is imperfect
B)if it leads to a more worthwhile life for the two persons
C)if the couple later get married again and find real love
D)if the couple live far away from each other
The author believes the real cause for the increase of divorces today
is that _____ .
A)people have too many sources of entertainment
B)people have less internal restraints
C)people no longer enjoy family life as they did before
D)people do not want to be confined by marital ties
Part IV EnglishChinese Translation
Direction:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the
underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)
Even though she was blind and deaf,Helen Keller was a woman with an
extraordinary social vision.(71) When most women's rights activists
were working for the right to vote,Helen Keller advocated action that
was more direct and more immediate than the vote. In 1911,speaking in
England where women had the right to vote,she said:“Our democracy is
but a name. We vote?What does that mean?It means that we choose between
two bodies of real,though not avowed,autocrats….You ask for votes for
women.(72) What good can votes do when teneleventh of the land of Great
Britain belongs to 200000 men and only oneeleventh to the rest of the
40000000? Have your men with their millions of votes freed themselves
from this injustice?”
(73) When she became active and openly socialist,a New York city newspaper,the
Brooklyn Eagle,which had previously treated her as a heroine,criticized
that her misguided socialism had somehow developed from her blind and
deaf condition. She replied that when once she met the editor of the
Brooklyn Eagle,he had complimented her lavishly:“But now that I have
come out for socialism,he reminds me and the public that I am blind
and deaf and especially liable to error.”She added:“Oh,ridiculous Brooklyn
Eagle!What an ungallant bird it is!(74) Socially blind and deaf,it defends
an intolerable system,a system that is the cause of much of the physical
blindness and deafness which we are trying to prevent. The Eagle and
I are at war.I hate the system which it represents…When it fights back,let
it fight fair…It is not fair fighting or good argument to remind me
and others that I cannot see or hear.I can read.I can read all the socialist
books I have time for in English,German and French.If the editor of
the Brooklyn Eagle should read some of them,he might be a wiser man,and
make a better newspaper.(75) If I ever contribute to the socialist movement,
the book I sometimes dream of;I know what I shall name it:Industrial
Blindness and Social Deafness.”
Part V Writing（15 Points）
Directions：
A)Title: Private Cars in China
B)You should write an essay on the outline below in no less than 150
words.
C)Your essay should be written on Answer Sheet II
Outline：
1.Encourage or not encourage private cars
2.Use specific reasons to support your point of view
3.Measures of encouraging or limiting private cars.
|
考研英语模拟试题[16]
